过去分词作定语和表语的用法
⒈过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况：前置定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意；后置定语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
⒉过去分词作表语：作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词，在主系表句型中，说明主语所处的一种状态，其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式少数不及物动的过去分词也能作表语，但它们不表示被动意义，只是表示动作完成。
过去分词作定语和表语的用法
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的.
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态.其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式.如:
You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓.
少数不及物动词(如go,come,set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成.如:
They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了.
注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”.如:
A.The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了.
B.The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门.
说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系.这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词.系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示.因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态.
什么叫过去分词做后置定语讲用法，给点例子再说明
过去分词作定语时,通常可替换某些定语从句.此时要注意两点:首先,在被替换的定语从句中,主语必须是作从句主语的关系代词;其次,定语从句中的谓语动词通常使用表示已经完成的时态或被动语态.
例如:
1.Prices of daily goods_through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002北京春招)
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
思路分析:此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法.我们可以把bought through还原成一个定语从句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer...
2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
思路分析:此题考查see sb./sth.done句型.因the plan与carry out逻辑上是被动关系,故答案为C,其中that引导了一个定语从句.
3.The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
思路分析:the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,故排除A、D项.B项是不定式的被动式,表示"未来",也可排除,因此,C项是对的.它相当于一个非限制性定语从句which were first played.
4.The first text books_for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written
思路分析:A项不能作后置定语,B项表示未来的动作,C项表示正在进行的动作.text books与write之间是被动关系,而且原题中的the first text books与came out in the 16th century也可暗示考生选written,表被动且完成的意思,故答案为D项.
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的.
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
